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Political positions of Bernie Sanders
Bernie Sanders is a United States Senator from Vermont, a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Vermont, and former Mayor of Burlington. He has taken positions on many political issues, both through his public comments and based on his senatorial voting record. In 2015, he announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for U.S. President in the 2016 presidential election.
==Political and economic philosophy==
Bernie Sanders describes himself as a "democratic socialist" and an admirer of the Nordic model practiced in the Scandinavian countries. In an address on his political philosophy given at Georgetown University in November 2015, Sanders identified his conception of "democratic socialism" with Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal for a Second Bill of Rights,〔Dylan Matthews, (A leading socialist explains what Bernie Sanders's socialism gets right — and wrong ), ''Vox'' (November 20, 2015).〕〔Nicole Gaudiano, (Sen. Bernie Sanders to explain his democratic socialist views ), ''USA Today'' (November 18, 2015)〕 saying that democratic socialism means creating "an economy that works for all, not just the very wealthy," reforming the political system (which Sanders says is "grossly unfair" and "in many respects, corrupt"), recognizing health care and education as rights, protecting the environment, and creating a "vibrant democracy based on the principle of one person, one vote."〔(Bernie Sanders's speech on democratic socialism in the United States ) (transcribed by Andrew Prokop of ''Vox''), November 19, 2015.〕
Academic commentators have pointed out that the identification of Sanders' political platform and ideology with "democratic socialism" is inaccurate. Samuel Goldman, assistant professor of political science at George Washington University, states that Bernie Sanders' platform is not socialist and is better described as "welfarism" reminiscent of the 1950s that aims to regulate rather than to replace capitalism. Goldman notes that Bernie Sanders does not advocate public ownership of the means of production, nor does he seek to abolish the profit system - both of which are defining characteristics of socialism. Lane Kenworthy, professor of sociology at the University of California at San Diego, states that Bernie Sanders is a social democrat and not a democratic socialist - which are different political ideologies - pointing out that social democracy does not aim to abolish capitalism. Kenworthy argues that Sanders' use of the term "socialism" when he actually advocates "social democracy" is causing more confusion than it is adding value, and might be unnecessarily negatively impacting his presidential campaign. Mike Konczal, an economic policy expert at the Roosevelt Institute, also characterizes Bernie Sanders' positions as "social democracy" rather than "socialist", noting that social democracy means support for a mixed economy combining private enterprise with government spending, social insurance programs, Keynesian macroeconomic policies, and democratic participation in government and the workplace - all of which are a part of Bernie Sanders' platform. Andrei Markovits, professor of political science at the University of Michigan, defines democratic socialism as "an attempt to create a property-free, socialist society" and something that does not exist in Denmark or anywhere else in the world, and argues that Bernie Sanders' definition is inaccurate. Bhaskar Sunkara, the founder, editor, and publisher of the socialist journal ''Jacobin'', also considers Sanders to be a social democrat and not a socialist.〔
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